在工程建设领域，挖掘机是必不可少的设备之一。正铲挖掘机和反铲挖掘机是两种常见的挖掘机类型，它们在结构和操作方式上有一定的区别。本文将详细分析正铲挖掘机和反铲挖掘机的区别，并对挖掘机的按键控制进行分析说明，同时阐述操作方式和注意事项。

In the field of engineering construction, excavators are one of the essential equipment. Shovel excavators and backhoe excavators are two common types of excavators, which have certain differences in structure and operation methods. This article will provide a detailed analysis of the differences between front shovel excavators and backhoe excavators, and explain the key control of excavators, as well as explain the operating methods and precautions.

一、正铲挖掘机和反铲挖掘机的区别

1、 The difference between front shovel excavator and backhoe excavator

结构差异

Structural differences

正铲挖掘机的铲斗垂直于地面，适合于挖掘停机面以上的土方。反铲挖掘机的铲斗与地面平行，适合于挖掘停机面以下的土方。

The bucket of a front shovel excavator is perpendicular to the ground and suitable for excavating soil above the parking surface. The bucket of a backhoe excavator is parallel to the ground and is suitable for excavating soil below the parking surface.

工作方式差异

Differences in working methods

正铲挖掘机的工作方式是直接挖掘停机面以上的土方，然后将土方卸载到运输设备上。反铲挖掘机则是将铲斗插入地面以下，将土方铲起后提升到运输设备之上。

The working method of a shovel excavator is to directly excavate the soil above the parking surface, and then unload the soil onto the transportation equipment. Backhoe excavators insert the bucket below the ground, lift the soil, and lift it onto the transportation equipment.

适用场景差异

Differences in applicable scenarios

正铲挖掘机适用于挖掘停机面以上的土方，如道路、桥梁、河道等工程。反铲挖掘机则适用于挖掘停机面以下的土方，如基坑、地基、隧道等工程。

The front shovel excavator is suitable for excavating soil above the parking surface, such as roads, bridges, rivers, and other engineering projects. Backhoe excavators are suitable for excavating soil below the parking surface, such as foundation pits, foundations, tunnels, and other engineering projects.

二、挖掘机按键控制分析

2、 Analysis of excavator button control

现代挖掘机通常采用计算机化的控制方式，通过操作键盘和显示屏实现对挖掘机的控制。以下是一些常见的挖掘机按键和控制功能：

Modern excavators typically use computerized control methods, which control the excavator through the operation of a keyboard and display screen. The following are some common excavator buttons and control functions:

主控开关：用于开启和关闭挖掘机的电源。

Main control switch: used to turn on and off the power of the excavator.

油门控制：控制发动机的转速，从而调整挖掘机的工作速度。

Accelerator control: Control the engine speed to adjust the working speed of the excavator.

铲斗操作：控制铲斗的升降、旋转和挖掘动作。

Bucket operation: Control the lifting, rotation, and digging actions of the bucket.

臂杆和履带操作：控制臂杆的伸展和收缩，以及履带的转向和速度。

Arm and track operation: Control the extension and contraction of the arm, as well as the turning and speed of the track.

辅助设备操作：控制附属设备的工作状态，如破碎锤、液压钳等。

Auxiliary equipment operation: Control the working status of auxiliary equipment, such as crushing hammers, hydraulic pliers, etc.

显示屏：显示挖掘机的工作状态、故障信息和维修指南等信息。

Display screen: displays the working status, fault information, and maintenance guidelines of the excavator.

三、操作方式和注意事项

3、 Operating methods and precautions

操作方式

Operation method

操作挖掘机时，驾驶员需要坐在驾驶室内，通过操作键盘和脚踏板来控制挖掘机的动作。操作过程中，驾驶员应保持稳定的姿势，时刻注意周围环境，确保操作。

When operating an excavator, the driver needs to sit inside the cab and control the excavator's movements through the keyboard and foot pedals. During the operation, the driver should maintain a stable posture, always pay attention to the surrounding environment, and ensure safe operation.

注意事项

matters needing attention

在使用挖掘机时，应注意以下事项：

When using excavators, the following precautions should be taken:

保持良好的视野，避免死角。

Maintain a good view and avoid blind spots.

在挖掘过程中，注意不要碰触地下设施，如管道、电缆等。

During the excavation process, be careful not to touch underground facilities such as pipelines, cables, etc.

在坡道上作业时，确保机身平稳，避免滑倒。

When working on slopes, ensure that the machine is stable and avoid slipping.

遵循操作规程，避免超载和长时间连续作业。

Follow operating procedures to avoid overloading and prolonged continuous operation.

定期对挖掘机进行保养和维修，确保设备处于良好状态。

Regularly maintain and repair the excavator to ensure that the equipment is in good condition.