The speed of hydraulic excavator movement and the magnitude of pneumatic force can be controlled by the operating handle during operation. When the stroke of the operating handle is small during operation, the excavator's movement is relatively slow and the pneumatic force is relatively small. When working, when the stroke of the operating handle is large, the action of the excavator is relatively fast and the pneumatic force is also relatively large. So controlling the stroke size of the operating handle can control the speed and pneumatic force of the excavator. Controlling the travel of the operating handle, commonly known as driving feel, is the most fundamental skill that must be mastered in excavator driving work. When working, it is strictly prohibited to quickly stroke the handle to its maximum, as this will cause sudden acceleration of the excavator movement and cause severe twisting of the excavator. This is also a problem that many beginners often encounter. When operating, the small stroke of the operating handle should first transition to a large stroke, and there should be a small buffer in the middle, so that the excavator can operate smoothly and smoothly.

二、挖土

2、 Excavation

1、挖土是挖掘机更主要的工作，驾驶挖掘机挖土时也有良多技巧，可以直接影响工作的效率。挖土时有一个技巧就是，一般以斗杆油缸为主，以动臂油缸为辅，斗齿的角度应该根据斗杆的行进轨迹来调整。斗齿一定要像刀切菜一样“插”入土中，而不是“拍”入土中。斗齿一定要像刀切菜一样“插”入土中，而不是“拍”入土中

1. Excavation is the most important job of excavators, and there are also many skills when driving excavators to excavate soil, which can directly affect the efficiency of work. One technique when excavating soil is to use the stick oil cylinder as the main tool, supplemented by the boom oil cylinder. The angle of the bucket teeth should be adjusted according to the travel trajectory of the stick. The bucket teeth must be "inserted" into the soil like a knife cutting vegetables, rather than "patted" into the soil. The bucket teeth must be "inserted" into the soil like a knife cutting vegetables, rather than "patted" into the soil

插到一定深度时，再完成勾斗，提臂。就是一个的挖土动作。

When inserted to a certain depth, complete the hook and lift the arm. It's just a perfect digging action.

2、假如是顺着一个土边挖，土质又比较硬的话，更好先只用两或三个斗齿切下土，再一并挖起。 先用两三个斗齿切下土，再挖起

2. If you are digging along a soil edge and the soil is relatively hard, it is best to first use two or three bucket teeth to cut the soil and then dig it up together. First, use two or three bucket teeth to cut off the soil, and then dig it up

在装车或是其他讲究效率的功课时，挖土每一斗一定挖满再挖满一斗，提起铲斗后，尽量休止所有其他动作，只单独全力做回旋动作，这样回旋的动作速度会更快。在挖土旋转时铲斗并不是水平的，而是略微打开，这样就不会由于惯性而使土从铲斗后面甩出，卸土时，开斗也会更快。 在挖土旋转时铲斗并不是水平的，而是略微打开

When loading trucks or other efficiency oriented homework, each bucket of soil must be fully excavated before another bucket is fully excavated. After lifting the bucket, try to stop all other movements as much as possible and only do a single full swing motion. This way, the speed of the swing motion will be the fastest. When excavating and rotating, the bucket is not horizontal, but slightly opened, so that the soil will not be thrown out from behind due to inertia. When unloading, the bucket will also open faster. The bucket is not horizontal when rotating during excavation, but slightly opened

3、卸土时，一定不是全部靠开斗的动作把土倒出，而是在开斗的

3. When unloading soil, it must not be entirely done by opening the bucket, but rather by opening the bucket

同时，利用斗杆瞬间回收再打开顺势将土抛出，这样更快!

At the same time, use the bucket to instantly recover and then open it to throw out the soil, which is faster!

三、整平

3、 Leveling

挖掘机平整地面的过程，就类似于一个三角形变化的过程。这个三角形的三条边，分别是动臂、斗杆和地面。

The process of leveling the ground with an excavator is similar to the process of changing a triangle. The three sides of this triangle are the boom, stick, and ground.

挖掘机地面平整功课时，动臂和斗杆的操纵存在一个三角函数关系。也就是说，斗杆油缸伸出的长度数值需要对应动臂油缸伸出或回缩的一个数值，才能控制铲斗保持直线运动，才能修整出平整的地面。平整地面时斗杆和动臂的这种控制，需要长时间的训练才能纯熟。这也就是挖掘机更主要和更基本的一个动作，是其他动作的基础。

There is a Trigonometric functions relationship between the boom and the stick during the excavator ground leveling course. That is to say, the length value of the stick cylinder extension needs to correspond to a value of the boom cylinder extension or retraction in order to control the bucket to maintain linear motion and to trim a flat ground. The control of the stick and boom when leveling the ground requires long-term training to become proficient. This is also the most important and basic action of the excavator, which is the foundation of other actions.

挖掘机平整地面时，一般用到的是斗杆垂直地面之前的间隔，中A、B 段。A段一般是把多余的土抓回，B 、C段是的平整地面范围。假如土层薄，一般就在D段将土顺势回抛。假如土层厚，就在C段间将铲斗勾起、提臂。完成一个的挖土动作。多次同样的重复，就能形成一个平面。

When leveling the ground with an excavator, the interval between the bucket and the vertical ground is generally used, in sections A and B. The A section generally involves retrieving excess soil, while the B and C sections are the optimal range for leveling the ground. If the soil layer is thin, the soil is usually thrown back in section D. If the soil layer is thick, lift the bucket and arm between sections C. Complete a perfect digging action. Repeating the same thing multiple times can form a plane.

值得留意的是，在日常的工作中挖掘机平整地面是一项需要细心观察、耐心操纵的功课。对地眼前后左右高低的观察和参考物的对照需要有准确的判定，这就需要长时间的工作经验积累。

It is worth noting that in daily work, leveling the ground with excavators is a task that requires careful observation and patient manipulation. Accurate judgment is required for the observation of the height of the ground eye in front, back, left, and right, as well as the comparison of reference materials, which requires long-term work experience accumulation.

平整地面的过程是公道利用A、B、C、D段之间的间隔的过程

The process of leveling the ground is the process of using the spacing between sections A, B, C, and D fairly

假如地面只有少量疏松的土石，需要处理平整。驾驶员经常会用挖掘机旋转将土石“扫”开，需要留意的是旋转的气力相对会小一些，碰到硬土或是土多时，是“扫”不动的。所以要根据不同的情况公道的运用各种功课方法。

If there is only a small amount of loose soil on the ground, it needs to be treated and leveled. Drivers often use excavators to rotate and sweep away soil and rocks. It should be noted that the rotating force is relatively small, and when encountering hard soil or a lot of soil, it cannot be swept away. So it is necessary to apply various homework methods fairly according to different situations.

假如地面只有少量疏松的土石，驾驶员经常会用挖掘机旋转将土

If there is only a small amount of loose soil on the ground, drivers often use excavators to rotate the soil

石“扫”开。

The stone swept open.

四、挖沟

4、 Trenching

挖掘机挖沟功课看似很简朴，实在要挖好沟也需要很高的技术水平。挖沟有两个基本要求，一是“直”，二是“顺”。“直”是指，按指定要求把沟的路线正确的挖出来。一般工地都会在地面上把沟的路线用白色的石灰画出来。假如没有线，只有几个点。那就用履带先在几个点之间走一遍，留下的履带痕迹就可以起到石灰线的作用，就是留意不要压掉点了。挖掘机对准石灰线，铲斗的中间斗齿对准石灰线开挖，沟的路线就不会错!

The homework of digging trenches with excavators may seem simple, but it really requires a high level of technical proficiency to dig trenches well. There are two basic requirements for trenching, one is "straight" and the other is "smooth". 'Straight' refers to digging out the correct route of the ditch according to the specified requirements. Generally, construction sites will use white lime to draw the route of the ditch on the ground. If there are no lines, only a few points. Then use the track to walk between a few points first, and the track marks left can serve as a lime line. Be careful not to press down the points. Align the center of the excavator with the lime line, and align the middle bucket teeth of the bucket with the lime line for excavation. The route of the ditch will not be wrong!

“顺”是指，沟的底部要平顺，坡度按要求控制。良多驾驶员看不准沟底部的高低，就应该多下车观察或是要求施工员通过仪器丈量。沟到达一定深度时沟的两边就应该挖出斜坡，防止垮塌，这个斜坡边，一般是用铲斗两侧的侧刀板销出来的!

'Smooth' refers to the bottom of the ditch being smooth and the slope being controlled according to requirements. Many drivers cannot see the height of the bottom of the ditch, so they should get off more vehicles to observe or require construction workers to measure it through instruments. When the ditch reaches a certain depth, slopes should be excavated on both sides of the ditch to prevent collapse. This slope edge is usually pinned out using the side knife plates on both sides of the bucket!

有一种特殊的情况就是，一条沟必需紧靠一个建筑物。假如挖掘机靠近建筑物，就没有了尾部旋转的范围。旋转时挖掘机尾部就很轻易撞到建筑物。靠远一点呢，挖掘机铲斗的挖掘方向又与沟的走向会存在一个角度。

There is a special situation where a ditch must be close to a building. If the excavator is close to the building, there is no range for the tail to rotate. When rotating, the tail of the excavator can easily collide with the building. Going further away, there will be an angle between the excavation direction of the excavator bucket and the direction of the ditch.

有一种特殊的情况就是，一条沟必需紧靠一个建筑物。

There is a special situation where a ditch must be close to a building.

实在良多时候，会由于场地的原因没有挖掘机尾部的旋转范围的空间，所以造成良多功课挖掘机无法完成! 像这种情况，靠近建筑物挖沟时，假如待挖的沟不是很深。就可以把挖掘机摆在离建筑物更近且大于尾部旋转范围的位置。固然铲斗的挖掘方向与沟的走向会存在一个角度，但在挖沟时，就只能通过沟的一条边abc线来定位沟的走向，再尽量控制好沟的宽度。

Many times, due to site limitations, there is no room for the excavator's tail to rotate, resulting in many homework excavators being unable to complete! In this case, when digging trenches near buildings, if the trench to be excavated is not very deep. You can place the excavator closest to the building and larger than the rear rotation range. Although there may be an angle between the excavation direction of the bucket and the direction of the ditch, when digging a ditch, the direction of the ditch can only be determined by the abc line on one side of the ditch, and the width of the ditch should be controlled as much as possible.

确定旋转时尾部与建筑物的间隔的方法是：把头伸出驾驶室看挖掘机的左边尾部D。挖掘机先慢慢的从左往右旋转。可以直接看到挖掘机的左边尾部与建筑物的间隔。确定不会相撞后，那就表示从右往左转时看不到的右边尾部E也不会与建筑物相撞!

The method to determine the distance between the tail and the building during rotation is to extend your head out of the cab and look at the left tail D of the excavator. The excavator slowly rotates from left to right first. You can directly see the distance between the left tail of the excavator and the building. After confirming that there will be no collision, it means that the right tail E that cannot be seen when turning from right to left will not collide with the building!

五、刷坡

5、 Brushing slope

1、平行刷挖就是挖机与坡体平行进退，主要用边齿和侧刀配合回转动作来完成，需要注意的是线形和坡度的控制。(线形：没有放线的地方主要依据视线的判断来控制，挖时上线开挖采用进出交替法来控制直线生成;坡度的控制：没有放中坡线的坡度开挖主要采用划圆弧法和划斜线法来控制坡度的生成)修路用的比较多。

1. Parallel brush excavation refers to the parallel advance and retreat of the excavator with the slope body, mainly completed by the combination of edge teeth and side knives in a rotary motion. It is important to pay attention to the control of line shape and slope. (Linear: Places without a line of sight are mainly controlled based on the judgment of the line of sight. During excavation, the method of alternating in and out is used to control the generation of straight lines. Slope control: For slope excavation without a center line of slope, the method of drawing arcs and oblique lines is mainly used to control the generation of slopes.) Road repair is more commonly used.

2、正对刷挖是指挖机的上体与坡面成九十度整个铲斗进行开挖，当正面挖完后移动挖掘机再重复相同的动作，这种方法主要用于成型的坡面修整，(收坡可采用这种方法)操作控制技巧：侧刷坡主要运用的是大臂下压配合收小臂贴回转的复合操作，铲斗只用于坡面局部刮平。

2. Facing brush excavation refers to the excavation of the entire bucket with the upper body of the excavator at a 90 degree angle to the slope surface. After the front excavation is completed, the excavator is moved and the same action is repeated. This method is mainly used for shaping the slope surface. (This method can be used for slope recovery) Operation and control skills: Side brush slope mainly uses a composite operation of pressing down with the large arm and rotating with the small arm, and the bucket is only used for local scraping of the slope surface.

本文由 华体会国际 租赁友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击: http://www.dyqicheng.com真诚的态度.为您提供为的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

This article is dedicated to the leasing of extended arm excavators. For more information, please click on: //www.wondgo.com Sincere attitude. We will provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Stay tuned