Excavator operation technology

先检查一下周围的情况。旋转时，注意周围障碍物和地形，作业；运行过程中，确认轨道前后方向，避免倾翻或碰撞；尽量不要将终传动朝向挖掘方向，否则容易损坏行走电机或软管；作业过程中，保证左右履带与地面充分接触，提高整机动态稳定性。

First, check the surrounding conditions. When rotating, pay attention to surrounding obstacles and terrain for safe operation; During operation, confirm the front and rear directions of the track to avoid tipping or collision; Try not to face the final drive towards the excavation direction, as it may damage the walking motor or hose; During the operation, ensure full contact between the left and right tracks and the ground to improve the dynamic stability of the entire machine.

坡度整平操作

Slope leveling operation

在平面修整过程中，将机器平放在地面上，防止机器晃动。把握动臂和斗杆的动作协调性，控制它们的速度对于平面修整关重要。

During the surface finishing process, place the machine flat on the ground to prevent it from shaking. Mastering the coordination of the movements of the boom and stick, and controlling their speed, is crucial for surface finishing.

装载操作

Loading operation

机体应处于水平稳定位置，否则难以精确控制回转卸载，从而延长作业循环时间；机体与卡车保持适当距离，防止车身尾部在180度转弯时与卡车相撞；尽可能采用左旋安装，视野开阔，作业效率高。同时，正确把握旋转角度，减少旋转时间；卡车的位置低于挖掘机，以缩短吊臂的提升时间，并具有良好的视线；先装砂石，再放大石头，可以减少对树干的冲击。

The body should be in a horizontal and stable position, otherwise it is difficult to accurately control the rotation and unloading, thereby extending the working cycle time; Maintain an appropriate distance between the body and the truck to prevent the rear of the body from colliding with the truck during a 180 degree turn; Try to use left-handed installation as much as possible, with a wide field of view and high work efficiency. At the same time, correctly grasp the rotation angle to reduce rotation time; The position of the truck is lower than that of the excavator to shorten the lifting time of the boom and have good visibility; Loading sand and stones first, then enlarging the stones can reduce the impact on the tree trunk.

有效的挖掘方法

Effective mining methods

当铲斗油缸与连杆斗杆油缸和斗杆成90度角时，挖掘力。当斗齿与地面成30度角时，挖掘力，即切土阻力更小；用斗杆挖掘时，确保斗杆的角度范围在前45度和后30度之间。同时使用动臂和铲斗可以提高挖掘效率。

When the bucket cylinder is at a 90 degree angle to the connecting rod stick cylinder and the stick, the digging force is maximum. When the bucket teeth are at a 30 degree angle to the ground, the excavation force is the best, that is, the soil cutting resistance is the smallest; When excavating with a stick, ensure that the angle range of the stick is between the front 45 degrees and the back 30 degrees. Using both the boom and bucket simultaneously can improve excavation efficiency.

挖掘岩石

Excavation of Rock

用铲斗挖掘岩石会对机器造成很大的损坏，应尽量避免。需要挖掘时，应根据岩石的裂隙方向调整机身位置，使铲斗顺利铲入进行挖掘；将斗齿插入岩石缝隙中，利用斗杆和铲斗的挖掘力进行挖掘(注意斗齿的滑动)；用液压挖掘机提升时，应先破碎未破碎的岩石，然后用铲斗挖掘。

Excavating rocks with a bucket can cause significant damage to the machine and should be avoided as much as possible. When excavation is needed, the position of the machine body should be adjusted according to the direction of the rock cracks, so that the bucket can be smoothly shoveled in for excavation; Insert the bucket teeth into the rock gap and excavate using the digging force of the bucket rod and bucket (pay attention to the sliding of the bucket teeth); When lifting with a hydraulic excavator, the unbroken rock should be broken first, and then excavated with a bucket.

起吊作业

Lifting operations

液压挖掘机进行吊装操作时，确认起吊现场的周围条件，使用高强度吊钩和钢丝绳，尽可能使用专用起吊设备；操作方式应为微操作方式，动作要缓慢均衡；吊带的长度合适。如果太长，悬浮物体摆动大，难以精确控制；正确调整铲斗位置，防止钢丝绳打滑；施工人员尽量不要靠近起吊物，以免操作不当造成危险。

When performing lifting operations on hydraulic excavators, confirm the surrounding conditions of the lifting site, use high-strength hooks and steel wire ropes, and use specialized lifting equipment as much as possible; The operation mode should be micro operation, and the actions should be slow and balanced; The length of the sling is appropriate. If it is too long, the suspended object will swing greatly and it is difficult to accurately control; Correctly adjust the bucket position to prevent wire rope slipping; Construction personnel should try not to approach the lifting object as much as possible to avoid danger caused by improper operation.