先导手柄
Pilot handle
液压先导手柄，位于驾驶室内座椅前，左右各一个。由先导泵提供压力，通过挖掘机驾驶员操作动作，产生二次压力从先导手柄流出控制压力，到达主控阀（多路阀，分配器）阀柱轴向端，推动主阀阀杆控制动作，从而实现了人为控制液压系统工作，低压油路控制高压油路的设计。
Hydraulic pilot handle, located in front of the seat inside the cab, one on the left and one on the right. The pressure is provided by the pilot pump, and through the operation of the excavator driver, secondary pressure is generated. The control pressure flows out of the pilot handle and reaches the axial end of the main control valve (multi way valve, distributor) valve column, pushing the main valve stem to control the action, thus achieving the design of manually controlling the hydraulic system work and controlling the high-pressure oil circuit through the low-pressure oil circuit.
先导手柄机构上部分是手动操作杆，下部分为手柄主阀体。拨开手柄外层护罩可以看到顶端有四个柱塞被铁盖压住，中间是个万向节。底部连接六根液压管,分别是进油管，回油管，4个动作管，注意进油口会安装小滤网，可以定期清理。
The upper part of the pilot handle mechanism is a manual operating lever, and the lower part is the main valve body of the handle. Pulling off the outer cover of the handle, we can see that there are four plungers at the top which are pressed by the iron cover, and there is a universal joint in the middle. Connect six hydraulic pipes at the bottom, namely the inlet pipe, return pipe, and four action pipes. Note that a small filter screen will be installed at the oil inlet, which can be cleaned regularly.
先导手柄故障
Pilot handle failure
▊手柄操作重：
▊ Handle operation weight:
手柄由于的不同，用户操作起来的感觉是不一样的。有时候感觉手柄重并不是机器出了问题，可能只是个人在使用习惯上的一种错觉，可以事先调节手柄的长度，看看使用效果。如果手柄比以前有明显沉重现象，就需要检查相应的部件，检测先导泵压力是否过大（一般达到3.2MPA就可以），查看先导滤芯滤油是否通畅。
Due to different brands, the user's feeling when operating the handle is different. Sometimes the feeling that the handle is heavy is not a problem with the machine, it may just be an illusion of personal usage habits. You can adjust the length of the handle in advance to see the effect of use. If the handle is noticeably heavier than before, it is necessary to check the corresponding components, check if the pilot pump pressure is too high (usually up to 3.2MPA), and check if the pilot filter oil is unobstructed.
▊手柄发抖
▊ Handle trembles
出现手柄发抖的情况时，测量先导泵压力，并观察液压表指针是否来回摆动（跳动），若出现该现象，就分解检查先导泵，多数是齿轮磨损严重或掉齿造成先导压力不稳定。先导调压阀（先导溢流阀）出现卡泄导致压力过高也会造成手柄发抖的情况。
When the handle trembles, measure the pressure of the pilot pump and observe whether the pointer of the hydraulic gauge swings back and forth (bouncing). If this phenomenon occurs, disassemble and inspect the pilot pump. Most cases are caused by severe gear wear or tooth loss, resulting in unstable pilot pressure. The pilot pressure regulating valve (pilot overflow valve) may become stuck and cause excessive pressure, which can also cause the handle to shake.
▊挖机单独动作慢：
The excavator moves slowly alone:
如果挖掘机出现动作慢，发动机还不憋车，就要考虑先导系统了。出现该故障时，先检查先导泵压力，若先导泵压力正常，在单独测量故障动作的先导“二次压力”。下一步拆检手柄阀芯，是否有磨损卡涩，密封圈损坏等故障。
If the excavator moves slowly and the engine is not holding the vehicle, the pilot system should be considered. When this fault occurs, first check the pressure of the pilot pump. If the pressure of the pilot pump is normal, measure the "secondary pressure" of the pilot for the fault action separately. Next, disassemble and inspect the handle valve core to see if there are any wear, jamming, or damaged sealing rings.
先导手柄检测
Pilot handle detection
需要外接一块压力表，沿着先导手柄液压管到主阀阀盖处，接上压力表就可以了。当然相比先导泵压力，先导手柄的“二次压力”会略低。
You need to connect an external pressure gauge, along the hydraulic pipe of the pilot handle to the main valve cover, and then connect the pressure gauge. Of course, compared to the pressure of the pilot pump, the "secondary pressure" of the pilot handle will be slightly lower.
先导手柄保养
Pilot Handle Maintenance
先导手柄的保养相对简单一些，大家只要记住先导滤芯每工作500小时需要更换、先导柱塞头需要黄油润滑，确保不干磨就可以。当然上面结构里提到的手柄进油口有滤网要做到勤观察、勤清理。
The maintenance of the pilot handle is relatively simple. Everyone only needs to remember that the pilot filter element needs to be replaced every 500 hours of operation, and the pilot plunger head needs to be lubricated with butter to ensure that it does not dry grind. Of course, the filter screen at the oil inlet of the handle mentioned in the above structure should be observed and cleaned frequently.
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