(1)压缩力不足:气门、活塞环和气缸套磨损，造成压缩压力不足，压缩压力和温度低于标准，燃料燃烧条件恶化，容易产生烟尘;
(1) Insufficient compression force: the valve, piston ring and cylinder liner are worn, resulting in insufficient compression pressure, the compression pressure and temperature are lower than the standard, the fuel combustion conditions are deteriorated, and it is easy to produce soot;
(2)燃烧室形状和体积的变化:由于制造质量和长期使用，燃烧室的技术条件降低，压缩间隙的变化也会改变燃烧室的形状和体积，从而影响燃料和空气的混合质量，并使燃烧条件恶化。如果活塞反向安装，会影响喷油器、燃烧室和进气道的匹配工作，不会形成良好的混合气，会发生不完全燃烧。
(2) Change of combustion chamber shape and volume: due to the manufacturing quality and long-term use, the technical conditions of the combustion chamber are reduced, and the change of compression gap will also change the shape and volume of the combustion chamber, which will affect the mixing quality of fuel and air and worsen the combustion conditions. If the piston is installed in the opposite direction, it will affect the matching work of the fuel injector, combustion chamber and inlet, will not form a good mixture, and incomplete combustion will occur.
(3)华体会国际 的喷油器工作不良:喷油器工作不良主要表现在三个方面:一是喷油器质量差;第2，喷油器压力不足。第三，注射器滴水。在这三种情况下，燃料不能与气缸中的空气完全混合，因此不能完全燃烧。此外，如果选定的喷油器与原发动机不匹配，也会导致发动机冒烟。
(3) The injector of the extended arm excavator works poorly: the injector works poorly mainly in three aspects: one is the poor quality of the injector; Second, the fuel injector pressure is insufficient. Third, the syringe drips water. In these three cases, the fuel cannot be completely mixed with the air in the cylinder, so it cannot be completely burned. In addition, if the selected fuel injector does not match the original engine, it will also cause the engine to smoke.

(4)供油过多，供油过多，导致混合气浓度高，燃烧不完全;
(4) Excessive oil supply leads to high mixture concentration and incomplete combustion;
(5)提前角不当:①供油提前角过大:在直喷式柴油机中，当其他参数不变时，适当增加喷油正时可以减少排气烟度。随着燃料喷射时间的增加和点火延迟时间的延长，在所有喷射燃料的火焰上升之前进行预混，以增加预混气体的量，加速燃烧速度，并且燃烧可以提前完成，因此快速燃烧形成的碳颗粒将在高温下停留更长的时间，这有利于烟灰的氧化和消失。
(5) Improper advance angle: ① the fuel supply advance angle is too large: in the direct injection diesel engine, when other parameters remain unchanged, appropriately increasing the injection timing can reduce the exhaust smoke. With the increase of fuel injection time and ignition delay time, premix is carried out before the flame of all injected fuels rises, so as to increase the amount of premixed gas and accelerate the combustion speed, and the combustion can be completed in advance. Therefore, the carbon particles formed by rapid combustion will stay longer at high temperature, which is conducive to the oxidation and disappearance of soot.
然而，由于缸内压力和温度较低，过早喷射不利于燃料蒸发和混合，导致烟雾排放。同时，由于预混合燃料的量大大增加了粗柴油的量，燃烧噪音增加并导致更大的机械负荷。(2)华体会国际 在供油提前角过小:当燃油喷射到后期时，在气缸内形成燃油的燃烧部分已为时过晚，混合气在气缸内被分离或排出，从而产生一些物质和燃气，与排气管内的废气一起通过热解和燃烧排出。
However, due to the low pressure and temperature in the cylinder, premature injection is not conducive to fuel evaporation and mixing, resulting in smoke emission. At the same time, because the amount of premixed fuel greatly increases the amount of crude diesel, the combustion noise increases and leads to greater mechanical load. (2) The oil supply advance angle of the lengthening arm excavator is too small: when the fuel is injected to the later stage, it is too late to form the combustion part of the fuel in the cylinder, and the mixture is separated or discharged in the cylinder, resulting in some substances and fuel gas, which are discharged through pyrolysis and combustion together with the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe.
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