1、 Classification of special excavators

1.物料挖掘类

1. Material mining

(1)水陆两用挖掘机

(1) Amphibious excavator

水陆两用挖掘机以普通挖掘机上车平台为基础，配备了中空浮箱式底盘，从而使其具有在沼泽、滩涂等松软地面上行走、停驻、作业的能力。此类设备仍以铲斗挖掘物料为主，在河道清淤、湖泊滩涂作业方面适应能力很强。

The amphibious excavator is based on the boarding platform of the ordinary excavator and equipped with a hollow floating box chassis, so that it has the ability to walk, park and operate on the soft ground such as swamp and beach. This kind of equipment is still mainly used to excavate materials with buckets, and has strong adaptability in river dredging and lake beach operation.

(2)加长臂型挖掘机

(2) Extended arm excavator

普通挖掘机通过更换加长的动臂、斗杆，即成为加长臂型挖掘机。加长臂型挖掘机能实现较大范围的作业，广泛用于河道疏浚、湖泊清洁、水库维护等特殊工况，同时也可用大坡面的修缮工作。华体会国际 用于水下挖掘时，为保证较好的视野，通常在斗杆上配置水下摄像头，以便驾驶员随时掌握铲斗和物料状态。

An ordinary excavator becomes an extended arm excavator by replacing the extended boom and stick. The extended arm excavator can realize a wide range of operation. It is widely used in special working conditions such as river dredging, Lake cleaning and reservoir maintenance. At the same time, it can also be used for the repair of large slope. When the extended arm excavator is used for underwater excavation, in order to ensure a better field of vision, the underwater camera is usually equipped on the stick, so that the driver can master the bucket and material status at any time.

水陆两用挖掘机与加长臂通过相互结合，形成优势互补，能够更好地完成滩涂和水下挖掘工作，是大型滩涂作业和维护的必备机械。图1所示为某加长臂水陆两用挖掘机。

The amphibious excavator and the lengthening arm combine with each other to form complementary advantages, which can better complete the beach and underwater excavation. It is a necessary machinery for large-scale beach operation and maintenance. Figure 1 shows a brand of extended arm amphibious excavator.

(4)贝壳斗

(4) Shell bucket

贝壳斗由于其外形和动作类似贝壳而得名，在斗形闭合时料斗可形成封闭的腔体。贝壳斗主要包含主机架、左斗、右斗和驱动液压缸。贝壳斗类似于梅花抓斗，一般也只有开合动作。贝壳斗容量大但挖掘力小，为此主要用于轻质松散物料的装卸和搬运，如用于港口、码头、煤场的装沙、装煤等。

Shell bucket is named because its shape and action are similar to shells. When the bucket is closed, the hopper can form a closed cavity. Shell bucket mainly includes main frame, left bucket, right bucket and driving hydraulic cylinder. Shell bucket is similar to plum blossom grab, which generally only has opening and closing action. The shell bucket has large capacity but small excavation force. Therefore, it is mainly used for loading, unloading and handling of light loose materials, such as sand and coal loading in ports, docks and coal yards.

3.物料破裂与剪切类

3. Material cracking and shearing

挖掘机通过安装不同属具，不仅可以实现土石方等物料的搬运，还可以用于各种物料破碎、破裂、剪切等。物料破裂类挖掘机的属具主要有3类，分别是破碎锤、液压剪和裂土器。

By installing different accessories, the excavator can not only realize the transportation of earthwork and other materials, but also be used for crushing, breaking and shearing of various materials. There are three main categories of material fracture excavators, namely crushing hammer, hydraulic shear and Ripper.

(1)破碎锤

(1) Crushing hammer

破碎锤又称液压破碎器，是挖掘机应用相当广泛的一种特殊机具，主要用于建筑、道路拆除工程以及矿山石料破碎工作。现在已经有很大一部分挖掘机，在出厂时都标配了液压破碎管路。

Crushing hammer, also known as hydraulic crusher, is a special machine and tool widely used by excavator. It is mainly used in construction, road demolition engineering and mine stone crushing. At present, a large part of excavators are equipped with hydraulic crushing pipeline as standard when leaving the factory.

(2)裂土器

(2) Ripper

普通挖掘机的铲斗挖掘土方、碎石等相对松软物料时，可轻松穿透基料从而实现挖掘，但当基料被长时间压实或为整块岩石，其则不能正常挖掘。遇到此种状况，一般通过破碎等方法先碎裂表面后再进行挖掘。

When the bucket of an ordinary excavator excavates relatively soft materials such as earthwork and gravel, it can easily penetrate the base material to realize excavation, but when the base material is compacted for a long time or is a whole rock, it cannot be excavated normally. In this case, the surface is generally broken by crushing and other methods before excavation.

对普通挖掘机的动臂、斗杆等结构件进行强化、改进，将其挖掘力提高原来的2倍左右，再给其配装单齿裂土器，该设备便能的破裂表面坚硬的物料。在特殊作业工况，这种设备不仅作业效率高，而且噪声很小(远小于破碎锤)。

Strengthen and improve the boom, stick and other structural parts of the ordinary excavator, increase its excavation force to about twice the original, and then equip it with a single tooth Ripper. The equipment can efficiently break the materials with hard surface. Under special operation conditions, this equipment not only has high operation efficiency, but also has low noise (far less than the crushing hammer).