1. Walking without complete recovery of working device

工作装置没完全收回情况下行走，挖斗很容易撞到岩石，油缸活塞杆会产生较大负荷，导致油缸内部破损以及销轴周边开裂。

When the working device is not fully retracted, the bucket is easy to hit the rock, and the piston rod of the oil cylinder will produce a large load, resulting in damage inside the oil cylinder and cracking around the pin shaft.

2、借助行走力挖掘

2. Excavation with walking force

液压油混入水后容易乳化变质，进入液压系统会导致零部件生锈。锈渣长期在液压系统内流动，液压压力会受到影响，大小臂、挖斗动作会因此变得无力。

Hydraulic oil is easy to emulsify and deteriorate after mixing with water, and entering the hydraulic system will lead to rust of parts. The rust slag flows in the hydraulic system for a long time, the hydraulic pressure will be affected, and the action of large and small arms and bucket will become weak.

3、油缸杆伸缩到极限进行挖掘

3. The cylinder rod extends to the limit for excavation

液压油缸伸缩到尽头位置作业，这种情况下工作油缸、机架会产生较大的负荷，斗齿的冲击、各个轴销的冲击，会造成油缸内部破损，还会影响其他的液压部件。

The hydraulic oil cylinder is retracted to the end position for operation. In this case, the working oil cylinder and frame will produce a large load. The impact of bucket teeth and each axle pin will cause damage inside the oil cylinder and affect other hydraulic components.

4、履带后部浮起做挖掘作业

4. The rear of the track floats for excavation

利用挖掘机车体后部上浮的力量来进行挖掘作业。当挖斗和岩石分开，车体下落时对挖斗、配重、机架、回转支承等产生较大的负荷，很容易造成损害。

Use the floating force at the rear of the excavator body to carry out excavation. When the bucket is separated from the rock and the car body falls, it will produce a large load on the bucket, counterweight, frame, slewing ring, etc., which is easy to cause damage.

5、挖机没站稳就开工

5. The excavator started without standing still

在路面不平整的石子路，在挖机未停稳的状况下开始作业，长久下来会造成下车架受力不均，引起下车架受损。更好是在下方垫一些土，使地面平稳，这样再作业。

If the excavator starts to work on the uneven gravel road without stopping stably, the stress on the lower frame will be uneven and the lower frame will be damaged for a long time. It is best to pad some soil below to make the ground stable before operation.

油缸维护保养方法

Oil cylinder maintenance method

一、油缸在使用过程中应定期更换液压油，清洗系统滤网，保证清洁度，延长使用寿命。

1、 During the use of the oil cylinder, the hydraulic oil shall be replaced regularly, and the system filter screen shall be cleaned to ensure cleanliness and prolong the service life.

二、油缸在每次使用时，要进行全伸全缩的试运转5个行程然后再带载运行。这样做可以排尽系统中的空气，预热各系统，能够有效地避免系统中存在空气或水，在油缸缸体造成气体爆炸(或焦烧)现象，这样会损害密封件，造成油缸内泄等故障。

2、 When the oil cylinder is used each time, the test run of full extension and full contraction shall be carried out for 5 strokes, and then the loaded operation shall be carried out. This can exhaust the air in the system and preheat each system, which can effectively avoid the existence of air or water in the system and cause gas explosion (or scorching) in the cylinder block, which will damage the seals and cause internal leakage of the cylinder.

三、控制好系统温度，油温过高会减少密封件的使用寿命，长期油温高使密封件发生变形，甚完全失效。

3、 Control the system temperature well. If the oil temperature is too high, the service life of the seal will be reduced. Long term high oil temperature will cause permanent deformation or even complete failure of the seal.

四、防护好活塞杆外表面，防止磕碰和划伤对密封件的损伤，经常清理油缸动密封防尘圈部位和裸露的活塞杆上的泥沙，防止粘在活塞杆表面上的不易清理的污物进入油缸内部损伤活塞、缸筒或密封件。

4、 Protect the outer surface of the piston rod to prevent the damage to the seal caused by collision and scratch. Regularly clean the sediment on the dynamic seal dust ring of the oil cylinder and the exposed piston rod to prevent the dirt on the surface of the piston rod from entering the oil cylinder and damaging the piston, cylinder barrel or seal.

五、经常检查各螺纹、螺栓等连接部位，发现松动立即紧固好。

5、 Regularly check the connecting parts such as threads and bolts, and fasten them immediately if they are loose.

六、经常润滑联接部位，防止无油状态下锈蚀或非正常磨损。

6、 Frequently lubricate the connecting parts to prevent corrosion or abnormal wear without oil.