1、按作业方式分：单斗挖掘机和多斗挖掘机，常见挖机为单斗挖机，只有大型矿场用斗轮式挖机，有很多挖斗，旋转作业。
1. According to the operation mode, it is divided into single bucket excavator and multi bucket excavator. The common excavator is single bucket excavator. Only bucket wheel excavator is used in large mines. There are many bucket and rotary operations.
常见的为单斗挖掘机
The common is single bucket excavator
大型矿场用多斗挖掘机
Multi bucket excavator for large mine
2、按驱动方式分：内燃机驱动、电驱动、复合驱动（混合动力）
2. According to the driving mode, it is divided into internal combustion engine drive, electric drive and compound drive (hybrid)
常见为内燃机驱动（柴油机）
It is usually driven by internal combustion engine (diesel engine)
矿用电铲（正铲挖掘机）
Mining shovel (front shovel excavator)
3、按行走方式分：履带式和轮胎式
3. According to the walking mode, it is divided into crawler type and tire type
4、按工作装置分：正铲和反铲
4. According to the working device, it is divided into forward shovel and backhoe
二、挖掘机整机结构介绍
2、 Structure introduction of excavator
挖掘机各部件名称
Name of each part of excavator
整机从结构上可分为三大部分：底盘总成、工作装置总成、上部平台总成。
The whole machine can be divided into three parts structurally: chassis assembly, working device assembly and upper platform assembly.
底盘总成组成及功能：1、支承整个挖掘机上部重量。2、行走和转向的动力源泉与执行机构。3、支承工作装置挖掘时的反力。
Composition and function of chassis assembly: 1. Support the upper weight of the whole excavator. 2. The power source and actuator of walking and steering. 3. Support the reaction force of the working device during excavation.
底盘主要组成：1、下车架本体（焊接件）、2、四轮一带(导向轮、驱动轮、托链轮、支重轮、履带)。3、推土铲及油缸。4、回转接头。5、回转滚道圈（回转支承）。6、行走减速机及马达。
The chassis is mainly composed of: 1. Lower frame body (weldment), 2. Four wheels (guide wheel, drive wheel, carrier sprocket, roller and crawler). 3. Bulldozer blade and oil cylinder. 4. Center swivel. 5. Slewing raceway ring (slewing ring). 6. Traveling reducer and motor.
底盘主要组成
Main components of chassis
底盘总成主要部件分解图
Exploded view of main components of chassis assembly
车架结构及功能：车架本体（焊接件）-----整个底盘的主体，承载所有的内、外力及各种力矩，工作条件极其恶劣，对制件要求较高。左右履带梁平行度有一定要求，否则有较大的侧向力发生，对结构件不利。
Frame structure and function: frame body (weldment) -- the main body of the whole chassis, bearing all internal and external forces and various torques. The working conditions are extremely poor and have high requirements for parts. There are certain requirements for the parallelism of the left and right crawler beams, otherwise there will be large lateral force, which is unfavorable to the structural members.
车架结构及功能
Frame structure and function
四轮一带、回转支撑
Four wheel bearing and slewing support
导向轮及涨紧装置：导向轮及涨紧装置：引导履带运动方向，调节履带涨紧程度，减少阻力。
Guide wheel and tensioning device: guide wheel and tensioning device: guide the moving direction of the track, adjust the tightening degree of the track and reduce resistance.
导向轮及涨紧装置
Guide wheel and tensioning device
托链轮和支重轮：托链轮起到起托履带的作用。 支重轮起到支承重量的作用。
Carrier roller and roller: carrier roller plays the role of supporting track. The roller supports the weight.
托链轮和支重轮
Carrier sprocket and roller
此种结构为免维护结构，不用加润滑脂。大型挖掘机用托链轮和支重轮结构形式稍有不同，但原理一样。
This structure is maintenance free and does not need to add grease. The structure of carrier sprocket and supporting roller for large excavator is slightly different, but the principle is the same.
驱动轮：驱动整机行走和转向。
Driving wheel: drives the whole machine to travel and turn.
履带
track
回转支承----连接上车和下车，使上车可绕下车回转同时承受倾翻力矩。轨道圈内的滚柱（球）需要定期润滑，有从侧面注加黄油和顶面加注黄油两种形式。
Slewing ring -- connects the upper and lower vehicles, so that the upper vehicle can rotate around the lower vehicle and bear the tipping moment at the same time. The roller (ball) in the track ring needs to be lubricated regularly. There are two forms: filling grease from the side and filling grease from the top.
行走马达+减速机：提供强大动力（扭矩）驱动链轮及履带，使挖掘机完成行走及转向动作。
Traveling motor + reducer: provide powerful power (torque) to drive sprocket and crawler, so that the excavator can complete traveling and steering.
行走马达+减速机
Travel motor + reducer
回转接头（作用）-----连接上车和下车液压油路，使上车能绕下车正常的转动。
Central swivel joint (function) -- connect the upper and lower hydraulic oil circuits, so that the upper can rotate around the lower normally.
回转接头
Center swivel
回转接头
Center swivel
推土铲
Bulldozer
底部液压管路
Bottom hydraulic line
底盘件保养事项：
Maintenance of chassis parts:
各润滑点定期加注润滑油；随时清理污物；随时检查各处紧固螺栓的拧紧状态；定期检查行走减速机润滑油位；经常检查履带的涨紧度和链轨节磨损情况。
Regularly fill lubricating oil at each lubricating point; Clean up dirt at any time; Check the tightening state of fastening bolts at all times; Regularly check the lubricating oil level of traveling reducer; Frequently check the tension of the track and the wear of the chain rail link.
Today, Xiaobian presents you the relevant knowledge about the rental of long arm excavator. If you have any questions and questions about this article, please call us or leave a message below the website: //www.wondgo.com
