For the operation of excavator lengthening arm welding variant of the technical way:

(1)采用电焊焊接变型控制技术

(1) Welding variant control technology is adopted

有效选择施焊方式 和焊接工艺参数，应紧紧围绕结构中性轴稳定平衡布置焊缝，有效选择电焊焊接顺序，使用按段倒退焊和间断焊，预置反变型量，采用刚度固定等。对早已出现的变型常采用机械纠正和火焰矫正法，这些变型预防措施和纠正工艺主要是借助经验和有限的实验数据，不可以适应错综复杂的结构形式和焊接工艺，并且电焊焊接变型的纠正极为耗时、费力，乃导致商品报废。

In order to effectively select the welding method and welding process parameters, the stable and balanced arrangement of welds should be closely around the neutral axis of the structure, the welding sequence should be effectively selected, the backward welding and intermittent welding should be used, the reverse deformation should be preset, and the rigidity should be fixed. Mechanical correction and flame correction are often used for the existing variants. The preventive measures and correction process are mainly based on experience and limited experimental data, which can not adapt to the complex structure and welding process. Moreover, the correction of electric welding variants is extremely time-consuming and laborious, and even leads to the scrapping of goods.

(2)应用电焊焊接变型预测方式

(2) Application of welding variant prediction method

电焊焊接分析可通过对复杂或不可观察的电焊焊接状况开展模拟和对这种情况下尚不知的规则开展预测，以弄清电焊焊接过程的规律。分析作为一种强有力的定量研究手段，不仅可以用于帮助理解电焊焊接状况的本质，预测内应力和变型，还可以此为工具，研究操纵和减小内应力，提升焊缝质量。

Welding analysis can be carried out through the simulation of complex or unobservable welding conditions and the prediction of unknown rules in this case, so as to clarify the law of welding process. As a powerful quantitative research method, analysis can not only be used to help understand the nature of welding condition and predict internal stress and deformation, but also be used as a tool to study manipulation and reduce internal stress and improve weld quality.

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