我们都知道挖掘机的主要结构件是加长臂，一般都是使用焊接工艺。加长臂经过焊接加工会发生一定的形状改变，即焊接变形，这会严重影响构件后期使用的效果。那么加长臂焊接变形的主要形式及产生原因是什么呢？今天，
华体会国际 出租就带您一起来学习以下相关内容！
We all know that the main structural part of excavator is lengthening arm, and welding process is generally used. After welding, the lengthening arm will change its shape, that is, welding deformation, which will seriously affect the later use effect of the component. So what are the main forms and causes of welding deformation of the lengthening arm? Let's learn about the long arm excavator today!
加长臂焊接使用钢板厚度大部分在4～100mm之间，板厚规格跨度非常大，相应所采用的焊接工艺参数变化范围较大，导致焊接热出入及焊接热温度场的不均匀。因而如果在焊接过程中控制不当，焊接变形会很大，严重影响了挖掘机加长臂的加工质量以及整机的装配性。变形的基本类型有横向、纵向收缩，角变形，弯曲和波浪变形。
The thickness of the steel plate used in the welding of the lengthening arm is mostly between 4 and 100 mm, and the specification span of the plate thickness is very large, and the corresponding welding process parameters vary widely, which leads to the uneven welding heat in and out and the uneven welding thermal temperature field. Therefore, if the welding process is not properly controlled, the welding deformation will be very large, which seriously affects the machining quality and the assembly of the whole machine. The basic types of deformation include transverse and longitudinal contraction, angular deformation, bending and wave deformation.
挖掘机结构件产生焊接变形的主要原因有：
The main reasons for welding deformation of excavator structure are as follows:
（1）结构型式设计不当，焊接时容易发生变形；（2）焊接接头的型式、焊缝布置不合理；(1) It is easy to deform when welding due to improper design of structure type; (2) unreasonable type and arrangement of welding joint;（3）控制焊接变形的工艺方法应用不当。
(3) The technology of controlling welding deformation is not applied properly.
对于控制挖掘机加长臂焊接变形的技术方法：
For the control of excavator lengthening arm welding deformation technology method:
(1)采用焊接变形控制技术
(1) Adopt welding deformation control technology合理选择施焊方法和焊接工艺参数，应围绕结构中性轴平衡布置焊缝，合理选择焊接顺序，使用分段倒退焊和间断焊，预置反变形量，采用刚性固定等。对已经出现的变形常采用机械矫正和火焰矫正法，这些变形预防措施和矫正工艺主要是依靠经验和有限的试验数据，不能适应复杂多变的结构型式和焊接方法，而且焊接变形的矫正极为耗时、费力，甚导致产品报废。
Reasonable selection of welding method and welding process parameters should be based on the structural neutral axis balanced layout of the weld, reasonable selection of welding sequence, the use of segmented backward welding and intermittent welding, preset anti deformation, rigid fixation, etc. Mechanical correction and flame correction are often used for existing deformation. These deformation prevention measures and correction processes mainly rely on experience and limited test data, which can not adapt to complex and changeable structural types and welding methods. Moreover, the correction of welding deformation is very time-consuming and laborious, and even leads to product scrapping.
(2)应用焊接变形预测方法
(2) Application of welding deformation prediction method焊接数值模拟可通过对复杂或不可观察的焊接现象进行模拟和对极端情况下尚不知的规则进行预测，以弄清焊接过程的规律。数值模拟作为一种强有力的定量研究手段，不仅可以用来帮助理解焊接现象的本质，预测残余应力和变形，还可以此为工具，研究控制和减小残余应力，优化焊缝质量。
Welding numerical simulation can simulate complex or unobservable welding phenomena and predict unknown rules in extreme cases to clarify the rules of welding process. As a powerful quantitative research method, numerical simulation can not only help to understand the nature of welding phenomenon, predict residual stress and deformation, but also can be used as a tool to study the control and reduction of residual stress and optimize the quality of weld.
The above is about how to control the welding deformation of excavator's lengthening arm. I believe you all know it. If you want to know more, please click our lengthening arm excavator to rent //www.wondgo.com Official website.
